ื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ืชื•ึนื›ึถืŸ [ัะบั€ั‹ั‚ัŒ]

ืื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืขืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืžื ื•ืกื•ืช ืžืคืกื™ืงื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืงืคื™ืื™ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืคื™ื.

ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ

ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื“ื™ื™ืกื”.

ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืกืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžืื•ืช ืžื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช. ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ืจื™ืขื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืจื•ืžืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”.

ืื ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื›ืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืื– ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื˜ื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืฉืจ. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืฉืœื”ื.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ).

ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืืžื™ืชื™, ืืชื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืืžืจ.

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ื›ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ืงืคืื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช.

ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘! ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืื• ืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ืขืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ืงืคืื”, ืืš ืจืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžื™ืฅ ืื• ืžื—ื™ืช.

ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื’ืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืฆืคื•ืคื•ืช:

  • ื›ืžื›ืœื•ืœ (ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืงืœื™ืคื”);
  • ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื;
  • ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืœื˜ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืื• ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช;
  • ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืช - ืคืœืคืœื™ื, ืงื™ืฉื•ืื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื;
  • ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื - ืฉืงื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื, ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ.

ื”ื›ื ืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคืื”

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคืื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืื– ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืคืื”. ืœื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ืขืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงืจื—, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื™ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ื•ืžืจืงื.

ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืื• ืžื’ื‘ืช ื‘ื“, ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืคืื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคืื”, ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžื™ืฅ ืœื ืงื– ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ.

ื—ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘! ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงืจื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืžืœื™ื— ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืงืคืื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื™ืฅ ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช.

ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืคืื” ื•ืื’ื™ืจืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืื• ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื. ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ.

ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฉืจื•ืช - ื–ื” ื™ื”ืจื•ืก ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืชื ื‘ืžื›ื” ืื—ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืคืื”.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ

ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืคืืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžืฉ ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืจืง ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืขื™ืกื” ืฆืคื•ืคื” ืžื•ืงืคืื•ืช. ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืงืจืžื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•.

ื–ื” ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ืœื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืœื ืžืงืœืคื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ. ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืง ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืงื™ื•ืช. ืชื™ืงื™ื ืขื ืจื•ื›ืกืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ื“ื•. ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจืช ืžื”ื ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืื• ืžื”ื•ื“ืงื™ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ื—ืฆืื™ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืœื™ืช.

  1. ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—ืชื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืฆืื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืกื” ืžื•ืกืจืช ืžื”ืŸ, ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืžืขื˜, ืžืžืชื™ื ื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื– ื”ืžื™ืฅ.
  2. ื”ื—ืฆืื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืฉ ืื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืคื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžืงืคื™ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžืฆืงื•ืช.
  3. ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฉืงื™ื•ืช, ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช

ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ ืžื”ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืคื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื™ืฅ.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช

ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืื™ืชื, ืืš ื—ื‘ืœ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื.

  1. ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืชื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืžื˜ื—ื ืช ื‘ืฉืจ.
  2. ืœืžื—ื™ืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืฉืžื™ืจ, ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื”, ื›ื•ืกื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื. ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ื.
  3. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ (ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฉ) ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืื ื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื, ื›ืš ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื“.
  4. ืžื—ื™ืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆื•ืฆื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ื›ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืคื ื•ื™ ืžืขืœ. ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืคืื” ืžืกืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžืขื˜.
  5. ืกื’ื•ืจ ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืขื ืžื›ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืงืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ.

ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฅ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื—ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™, ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื– ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื•.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜

ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืขื ืžื›ืกื” ืœื”ืงืคืืช ื•ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืกืงื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื, ืฉื™ืจืื” ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ.

  1. ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืกืงื•ืช, ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืžื•ืคืฆื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื— ืžืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื: ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืคืจื—ื™ื.
  2. ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืš 5-6 ืฉืขื•ืช.
  3. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืœืชืœื™ื ื”ืงืคื•ืื™ื ืžื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืคื•ืื” ื•ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ื•ืช.
  4. ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžืงืคื™ื ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ.
  5. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ ืื• ืžื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืชื” ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืกืœื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืฆื”

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื”.

  1. ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื ื—ืชื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ื” ืœืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ 8 ืž"ืž ืœืคื—ื•ืช.
    ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘! ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืœื”, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืขื ืขื™ืกื” ืฆืคื•ืคื” ื•ืœื ืขืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
  2. ื•ืื– ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืคื™ื™ื” ืื• ืงืจืฉ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ืฉืžืจื•ืคื“ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ืงืœืฃ ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืฆืžื“. ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืš ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืงืคืื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—.
  3. ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื, ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืืช ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช. ืจืง ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืœืฃ ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.
  4. ื”ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช.
  5. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืคืืชื ื”ืžืœืื”, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืงืคื™ื, ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืงืคื™ื ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ.

ื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช

ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืชื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืงืคืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ. ืื ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ืœื• ื›ืขืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืชืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื‘ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคืื”, ื›ืš ืฉืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืฅ ื™ื™ืขืจื. ืืคืฉืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืืคื™ื ืก ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™

ื›ื“ืื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ. ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื ื•ื˜ืขืžื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจืจ.

ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืจืง ื”ื ืžืงื•ืœืคื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ - ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื.

ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ?

ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื”. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืคืจื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืžืขื˜, ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืš 20-30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื, ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ, ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืžืขืœ ืœื”ื‘ืช ืฆื•ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืžื–ืœื’.

ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืงืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ ืงืจื— ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”.

ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”! ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืงืฉื”.

ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืคื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ. ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ืœืžื™ืฆื•ืง, ื•ืื– ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ื”ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžืื•ื—ืกื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื.

ื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช

ืื ื”ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืงืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืขื ื”ืงืคืืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื, ืื– ื›ืœ ืขืงืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืชืคืชื” ืœืฆืจืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืคื•ืจ, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช - ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืจื™ื‘ื” ืจื•ืชื—ืช.

ืœืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืžืจ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ืงืฉื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื”ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš

ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืง ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืคืฉืจื”, ืืœื” ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืžืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืคื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื™ืฅ, ืื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืจืจ ืœืžืฉืš 12 ืฉืขื•ืช.

ื—ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘! ื”ืคืฉืจืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื›ืชื™, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื ื•ืื•ืจ.

ืื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืชืช ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 15-20 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ, ื•ืื– ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื ื•ื—ื”.

ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืคืื• ื‘ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช, ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช.

ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืช

ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืกืœื˜ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื. ื”ืกืคืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœืคื™ืฆื”, ื›ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื, ืคื•ืงืืฆ'ื™ื.

ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืคืกืœื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช ื™ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ ืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื, ื—ื‘ื™ืชื•ืช, ืื• ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ ื™ืจืงื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืช ืื• ืžื™ืฅ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžื•ืงืคืฆื™ื ืœืžืจืงื™ื, ืจื˜ื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื˜ืฉื•ืค.

ื—ื™ื™ ืžื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืช

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื›- 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ืœืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื. ืืš ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ, ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืจื™ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืืชื›ื ื•ืืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื›ื.

ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจืŸ.

ื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ืงื• ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื” ืคื˜ืจื•ื‘ื ื”, ื‘ืช 52, ืงืจืกื ื•ื“ืจ
ืื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ื. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ืจืง ื‘ืกืœื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
ื•ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ืกื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจื•ื‘ื ื”, ื‘ืช 34, ื ื™ื–'ื ื™ ื ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืจื•ื“
ืื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื—. ื™ื•ืฆื ื ื—ืžื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืœื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืกืง ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืขื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืœืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื•ืช.

ืชืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘

ื’ืŸ

ืคืจื—ื™ื

ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ึธื”

ืชื•ึนื›ึถืŸ