ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก: ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช

ืฉืึตื:ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก
ืกื•ื’: ืึธื›ึดื™ืœ

ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžื”ืชืฆืœื•ื; ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก

ืฉื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™, ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉื boletus, aspen and leccinum. ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืืกืคืŸ, ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื–ืขื™ ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื–ื” ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”.

ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืกืคืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื - ืœื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ืืœื•ื ื™ื, ืื•ืจื ื™ื ื•ืืฉื•ื—ื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืขืฆื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื. ืืš ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื™ื“ ืืกืคื ื•ืช.

ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก?

ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืื™ื ื• ื ืงืจื ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ืืœื ื›ืžื” ื–ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’. ืœื›ืŸ, ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืืกืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ - ื‘ืฆื‘ืข, ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื.

ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขืฆื™ ืืกืคืŸ ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื:

  1. ืžื›ืกื” ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก, ืื• ืœืงืฆื™ื ื•ื, ืงืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉืจ, ืืš ื ืฉืืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ื›ืจื™ืช ื•ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ื”ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื ื›- 15 ืก"ืž.
  2. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืกื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื– ', ืฆื”ื‘ื”ื‘ ื•ืื“ืžื“ื.
  3. ืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื—ื–ืงื”, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ืขื“ 10-15 ืก"ืž ื’ื•ื‘ื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืฉืงืฉื™ื.
  4. ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ืœืง ืื• ืžืขื˜ ืงื˜ื™ืคืชื™, ืœื ื—ืœืงืœืง ืื• ื“ื‘ื™ืง, ื›ืžื• ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
  5. ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืšื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืกื” ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืกื’ื•ืœ ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
ื—ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘! ื‘ืฆื‘ืข, ืขืฆื™ ืืกืคืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ื, ืœื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ืื• ื—ื•ื-ืฆื”ื•ื‘, ื•ืจื“ืจื“ ืื• ืื“ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง. ืœื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื”.

ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ืžื— ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก

ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืžืื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืฆืข ื•ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื–ื’ - ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืขืจ ืื• ื’ืœื“ื™ื. ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื™ื, ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ืš ืฉืจื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื‘ื™ื.

ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืขื“ ื”ื›ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.

ืœืื™ืœื• ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก?

ื”ืฉื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืืกืคืŸ ื”ื•ื Leccinum, ืื• Leccinum. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช, ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื•ืฉ.ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื–ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืืกืคืŸ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืืกืคืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื›ืš ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื - ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื.

ื–ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก

ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืงืฆื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช, ืืš ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืื˜ื•ืก. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืš ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืื“ื•ื

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก, ืื• ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™. ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืฆืข, ื‘ืงื•ื•ืงื– ื•ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง, ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืชื—ืช ืืกืคืŸ, ืืœื•ืŸ, ืืฉื•ืจ ื•ืœื™ื‘ื ื”.

ืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืกืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื› -10 ืก"ืž, ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื ื‘ื•ื”ืง ืื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื—ื•ื ืื“ืžื“ื. ืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื– 'ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืืš ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืืคื•ืจื™ื-ืœื‘ื ื™ื. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื•ืœืื˜ื•ืก, ืืš ืžื›ืกื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื—ื•ื

ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื–ื’, ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ืืกืคืŸ ื•ืœื™ื‘ื ื”, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืื•ืจืŸ ื•ืืฉื•ื—. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืขืฅ ืืกืคืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื—ื•ื, ืื• ื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ - ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 15 ืก"ืž, ื•ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ืฉื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 25 ืก"ืž ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข.

ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืงืช ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื—ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืœ ืื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื—ื•ื, ื”ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืคื•ืจื” ืขื ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืžื™ื-ื—ื•ืžื™ื.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœื‘ืŸ

ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื - ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ืืคืจื•ื—, ื”ืืฉื•ื— ื•ื”ืœื™ื‘ื ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื•, ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 25 ืก"ืž ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื•, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™.

ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ืคืจื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืืš ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื”ื” ืžืขื˜ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื-ืืคื•ืจ. ื’ื ืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”, ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืืœื•ืŸ

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื”ืืœื•ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื–ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉื ืžืจืžื–, ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ืืœื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื—ื•ื ืงืคื” ืขื ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื ืงืœ. ืจื’ืœ ื”ืืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื– 'ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžื™ื-ืื“ืžื“ืžื™ื.

ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘! ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื›ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข, ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื”ืืœื•ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ, ืืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืฆื‘ื•ืข

ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืืกืคืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจ ื•ืจื“ืจื“ ืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื•ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ืื“ืžื“ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™. ื’ื•ืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืืกืคืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื“ 10 ืก"ืž ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื•ืงื•ื˜ืจ 6-11 ืก"ืž.

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืืกื™ื”. ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืื• ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ.

ืื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก

ืื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืง ืžืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืืกื™ื”. ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื’ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ืืฉื•ื—. ืืกืคืŸ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืืจื’ืžืŸ ื›ื”ื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 15 ืก"ืž, ื•ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžื™ื.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ

ืฉื•ืœื™ ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืŸ - ื› -15 ืก"ืž ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื›ืกื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื ื›ื”ื”, ืื“ืžื“ื ืื• ืœื‘ื ื”, ื•ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืื“ืžื“ืžื™ื, ืืš ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ืืคื•ืจื” ื›ื”ื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื—ื•ืจื”.ืื ืืชื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืจื’ืœ, ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืชืงื‘ืœ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœ.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืืฉื•ื—ื™ืช

ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื ืชืคืกืช ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ืืš ื”ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืฆืข. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืฉื•ื—ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืกืคืจืŸ ืืฉื•ื—ื™ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืืš ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ืชืงืœ ืœื‘ื“.

ืœื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื”ืืฉื•ื— ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื ื›ื”ื” ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืžื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืื›ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ื™, ืื ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื˜ืขื ื ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ืื• ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื—ื•ื.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืื›ื™ืœ ืื• ืœื

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ื, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื. ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืจืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืกืช ื”ืืกืคืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืจื’ืœ ื•ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื•ืื– ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืชื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืžื•ืžืœื—ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืงื– ืืช ื”ืžืจืง, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“.

ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™, ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกืคืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืœื—ื” ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืขื ื ืขื™ื ื•ืžืจืงื ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืกืœ ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื•ื˜ืฃ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืคืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืชื.

ืขึตืฆึธื”! ืขืฆื™ ืืกืคืŸ ืืžื ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื. ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืจืชื™ื—ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืžื”.

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ื•ืช. ื—ืœืงืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘, ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืจืง ืœืงื•ื˜ืคื™ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืกื™ื:

  1. ืืกืคืŸ, ืื• ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™, ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื. ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืงื•ื˜ืคื™ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืฆืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ืื“ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืขื™ืœ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ืจืง ื›ืคื˜ืจืช ืžืจื”, ืืš ื’ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืœ ื˜ืขืžื• ื”ืžืจ.
  2. ื”ืขื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš. ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื˜ืขื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืจื™ื. ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืขื™ืกืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ - ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืืกืคืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื—ื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืžื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืจื›ืŸ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™.

ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื”. ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื™ ื”ืคืจื™.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืืกืคืŸ ืฆื”ื•ื‘-ื—ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ื ืงืจื spikelets, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ืืœื•ืŸ ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืช ื–ื™ืคื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื›ืคื•ืจ.

ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ืช (ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก)

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื•ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื•, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืืœื”.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื• ืžื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืชืช-ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื.

ืชืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘

ื’ืŸ

ืคืจื—ื™ื

ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ึธื”

ืชื•ึนื›ึถืŸ